From Tethys to Eastern Paratethys: Oligocene depositional environments, paleoecology and paleobiogeography of the Thrace Basin (NW Turkey)     

Yeşim İslamoğlu  Mathias Harzhauser  Martin Gross  Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno  Stjepan Coric  Andreas Kroh  Fred Rögl  Jan van der Made 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(1):183-200

The Oligocene depositional history of the Thrace Basin documents a unique paleogeographic position at a junction between the Western Tethys and the Eastern Paratethys. As part of the Tethys, shallow marine carbonate platforms prevailed during the Eocene. Subsequently, a three-staged process of isolation started with the Oligocene. During the Early Rupelian, the Thrace Basin was still part of the Western Tethys, indicated by typical Western Tethyan marine assemblages. The isolation from the Tethys during the Early Oligocene is reflected by oolite formation and endemic Eastern Paratethyan faunas of the Solenovian stage. The third phase reflects an increasing continentalisation of the Thrace Basin with widespread coastal swamps during the Late Solenovian. The mollusc assemblages are predominated by mangrove dwelling taxa and the mangrove plant Avicennia is recorded in the pollen spectra. The final continentalisation is indicated by the replacement of the coastal swamps by pure freshwater swamps and fluvial plains during the Late Oligocene (mammal zone MP 26). This paleogeographic affiliation of the Thrace Basin with the Eastern Paratethys after ~32 Ma contrasts all currently used reconstructions which treat the basin as embayment of the Eastern Mediterranean basin.  相似文献   

ISO Spectroscopy of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies     

D. Lutz  R. Genzel  D. Kunze  D. Rigopoulou  H.W.W. Spoon  E. Sturm  D. Tran  A.F.M. Moorwood 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1999,266(1-2):85-90

Spectroscopy from the Infrared Space Observatory ISO has for the first timeprovided the sensitivity to exploit the diagnostic power ofmid-infrared fine structure lines and PAH features for the study ofultraluminous infrared galaxies (L_IR >10¹² L ). We report on observations obtainedwith SWS, ISOPHOT-S, and the CVF option of ISOCAM. From both fine structure lines and PAH features, we find that the majority of ULIRGs is predominantlypowered by star formation. Our total sample of about 75 ULIRGs allows tosearch for trends within the class of ULIRGs: The fraction of AGNs increaseswith luminosity above 3 × 10¹²L but there is no obvioustrend for ULIRGs to be more AGN-like with more advanced merger phase.  相似文献   

Der Brechungsindexgradient für elektromagnetische Wellen (Cm-bis M-Band) in der maritimen Grenzschicht der Atmosphäre     

Karl Brocks  Lutz Hasse 《Ocean Dynamics》1956,9(5):217-221

Zusammenfassung Für ein in der Abhandlung von K. Brocks [1955] abgeleitetes Verfahren der Berechnung von Brechungsindex-Profilen unmittelbar über dem Meer werden weitere Hilfsmittel angegeben, insbesondere eine graphische Psychrometertafel (Tafel 8), aus der der Dampfdruck der Luft [in mb] als Funktion der Temperatur des feuchten und trockenen Thermometers entnommen werden kann, und ein Diagramm des Wasserdampfdrucks und des Sättigungsdampfdruckes der Luft sowie der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit als Funktion der Lufttemperatur (Tafel 9).Es wird ferner ein Kurzverfahren mitgeteilt, das eine schnelle Berechnung des Brechungsindexprofils über dem Meer ermöglicht aus Messungen der Lufttemperatur, Luftfeuchtigkeit, Windgeschwindigkeit und Wassertemperatur. Hierfür wird ein Diagramm gegeben (Tafel 10), das den BrechungswertN=(n–1) 10^–6 als Funktion der Temperatur des trockenen und des feuchten Thermometers bzw. der Wassertemperatur enthält.

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On the gradient of the refractive index of electro-magnetic waves (centimetre-to metre-waves) in the maritime boundary layer of the atmosphere. 2^nd article

Summary The present paper adds further aids to the method developed by K. Brocks [1955] for the computation of the curves of the refractive index occurring immediately above the sea surface. These aids, before all, consist in a graphical psychrometer plate (plate 8) and a diagramme (plate 9). Plate 8 permits to derive from it the vapour pressure of the air [in mb] as a function of temperature to be read from dry bulb and a wet bulb thermometres. Plate 9 represents the water vapour pressure and the saturation pressure of the air as well as relative humidity of the air as a function of air temperature.Besides, an abbreviated method is discussed permitting a time-saving computation of the curves of the refractive index above sea surface from measurements of air temperature, atmospheric moisture, wind velocity, and water temperature. This computation is carried out with the aid of a diagram (plate 10), giving the refractive valueN=(n–1) 10^–6 as a function of the temperature, measured with a dry bulb and a wet bulb thermometre, or as a function of the water temperature, respectively.

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Sur le gradient de l'indice de réfraction des ondes électromagnétiques (de 0,1 m à 1m), présentes dans la couche limite maritime de l'atmosphère. 2^e article

Résumé Le travail actuel ajoute à la méthode développée par K. Brocks [1955] d'autres moyens pour le calcul des courbures du gradient de l'indice de réfraction se présentant immédiatement au-dessus de la surface de la mer. Ces moyens se composent surtout d'une représentation graphique des valeurs psychométriques (planche 8) et d'un diagramme (planche 9). La planche 8 permet d'en tirer la pression de vapeur de l'air [en mb] en fonction de températures indiquées sur de thermomètres mouillés ou sur de thermomètres secs. La planche 9 montre la pression de vapeur d'eau et la tension de vapeur saturante de l'air ainsi que l'humidité relative de l'air en fonction de la température de l'air.De plus, une méthode abbréviée est présentée qui permet de calculer, sans perdre beaucoup de temps, au moyen des mesures de la température de l'air et de l'eau, de l'humidité de l'air et de la vitesse du vent, la courbure de l'indice de réfraction au-dessus de la mer. Ce calcul se fait à l'aide d'un diagramme (planche 10) qui donne la valeur de réfractionN=(n}-1) 10^–6 en fonction de la température du thermomètre sec et du thermomètre mouillé ou la représente respectivement en fonction de la température de l'eau.

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Hydrogen bonding in basic copper salts: a spectroscopic study of malachite,Cu2(OH)2CO3, and brochantite,Cu4(OH)6SO4     

M. Schmidt  H. D. Lutz 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1993,20(1):27-32

Infrared and Raman spectra of the basic copper salts malachite, Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃, and brochantite, Cu₄(OH)₆SO₄, as well as of deuterated and ¹³C substituted samples are presented and discussed in terms of group theory and the hydrogen bonds present. The main results are that (i) the hydrogen donor strengths of the OH^? ions are strongly increased due to the very great synergetic effect of the copper ions, (ii) the acceptor strengths of the H-bond acceptor groups (SO₄ ^2-, CO₃ ^2-, and OH^? ions) are significantly modified by the linkage and coordination of the acceptor atoms — this complicates true assignment of the OH bands observed to the two and six different OH^? ions present in malachite and brochantite, respectively -, and (iii) the Cu — O stretching modes at 430–590 cm^?1 and 420–520 cm^?1 for malachite and brochantite, respectively, exhibit strong, partially covalent Cu — O bonding.  相似文献   

Heavy metals in the Baltic Sea     

Lutz Brügmann 《Marine pollution bulletin》1981,12(6):214-218

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Shift — fortran IV program for shift and share-analysis     

Dr. Dipl. Math. Lutz Blumhagen  Dr. Gert Eichler 《GeoJournal》1977,1(6):17-24

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Characterization of sediments in an abandoned mining area; a case study of Mansfeld region,Germany   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rainer?WennrichEmail author  Jürgen?Mattusch  Peter?Morgenstern  Klaus?Freyer  Hanns-Christian?Treutler  Hans-Joachim?St?rk  Lutz?Brüggemann  Albrecht?Paschke  Birgit?Daus  Holger?Weiss 《Environmental Geology》2004,45(6):818-833

The distribution of selected heavy metals, including some radionuclides, metalloids and non-metals was determined in stream sediments in a region influenced by abandoned copper mining and ore processing activities. A considerable amount of the ore processing waste with a very complex composition and highly elevated concentrations of zinc, sulfur, lead, copper, arsenic, and a lot of other elements in the range between 100 and 1,000 mg/kg (Sb, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Hg, and Ag) was piled up on mine dumps. The dispersion of the pollutants originating from this source and their environmental impact were investigated. Both, sediments and original waste material were studied to indicate the pathways and the mobilization behavior of different pollutants. For this purpose, the process of the elution of pollutants by application of different fractionation schemes was studied. The capabilities of different analytical techniques are shown for the analysis of solid samples (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Gamma-spectrometry) and liquid ones (ICP-atomic emission spectrometry, ICP-mass spectrometry and different techniques of atomic absorption). Additionally, the coupling of ion chromatography and ICP-MS detection was used to study the distribution of arsenic species in the sediment cores of a lake which acts as a natural sink for the region.  相似文献   

Identifying and characterizing solution conduits in karst aquifers through geospatial (GIS) analysis of porosity from borehole imagery: An example from the Biscayne aquifer,South Florida (USA)     

Alex K. Manda  Michael R. Gross 《Advances in water resources》2006

We apply geospatial analysis to borehole imagery in an effort to develop new techniques to evaluate the spatial distribution and internal structure of karst conduits. Remote sensing software is used to classify a high resolution, digital borehole image of limestone bedrock from the Biscayne aquifer (South Florida, USA) into a binary image divided into cells of rock matrix and pores. Within a GIS, 2D porosity is calculated for a series of rectangular sampling windows placed over the binary image and then plotted as a function of depth. Potential conduits that intersect the borehole are identified as peaks of high porosity. A second GIS technique identifies a conduit as a continuous object that spans the entire borehole width. According to these criteria, geospatial analysis reveals ∼10 discrete conduits along the ∼15 m borehole image. Continuous sampling of the geologic medium intersected by the borehole provides insight into the internal structure of karst aquifers and the evolution of karst features. Most importantly, this pilot study demonstrates that GIS-based techniques are capable of quantifying the depths, dimensions, shapes, apertures and connectivity of potential conduits, physical attributes that impact flow in karst aquifers.  相似文献   

Mercury in feathers from Chilean birds: influence of location,feeding strategy,and taxonomic affiliation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ochoa-acuña H  Sepúlveda MS  Gross TS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(4):340-345

This study reports baseline concentrations of mercury (Hg) in feathers from different species of birds sampled at various locations off the Chilean coast (Southeastern Pacific). Hg concentrations were evaluated in relation to geographic location, taxonomic affiliation, and feeding strategies. Between January and March of 1995, we collected mature contour feathers from 116 birds belonging to 22 species, mostly seabirds. Birds were collected from 10 different locations (26 degrees 09'S, 70 degrees 40'W to 54 degrees 56'S, 67 degrees 37'W). Feather Hg concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 13 microg g(-1) dry weight. We found differences in feather Hg concentrations across taxonomic groups, with highest concentrations in petrels, shearwaters, and albatrosses (Procellaridae), followed by boobies (Sulidae), gulls, terns, skuas (Laridae) and cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae). Ibises and oystercatchers (Threskiornithidae and Charadriidae) had intermediate values, whereas ducks and geese (Anatidae) contained the least amount of Hg. Oceanic species preying on mesopelagic fish (the Procellariformes albatrosses, petrels, and fulmars) had over twice as much Hg (overall average of 3.9 microg g(-1)) when compared to the rest of the species sampled (overall average of 1.5 microg g(-1)). We did not find higher Hg concentrations in birds inhabiting the more heavily industrialized and urbanized areas of the country (central and northern regions), but in birds inhabiting the remote Juan Fernandez Archipelago. This is not surprising, since all the Procellariformes (the group with highest Hg values in this study) were collected from these islands. Except for Hg in Kermadec petrels (mean of 12 microg g(-1)), the range of Hg values reported here (0.11-7.3 microg g(-1)) fell below those known to cause adverse health and reproductive effects in birds.  相似文献   

A Kalman-filter-based approach to combining independent Earth-orientation series   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

R. S. Gross  T. M. Eubanks  J. A. Steppe  A. P. Freedman  J. O. Dickey  T. F. Runge 《Journal of Geodesy》1998,72(4):215-235

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